So apparently today is Type 1 Diabetes Awareness day. And in honor of that, I want to make you all aware of type 1 diabetes.
Okay, now that you are aware of it, let me explain it. I sure didn’t understand it very well before I got it, and I think a lot of people don’t.
You’ve probably heard about diabetes in the news. Maybe Wilfred Brimley has talked to you about it. Well chances are, you were hearing about type 2 diabetes, also known as Fat People Diabetes. That is usually, but not always, caused by being fat, or old, or some combination. Generally, although again, not always, the person’s lifestyle has something to do with the fact that they have it. And it accounts for about 90% of the cases of diabetes out there. But it is not what I have, and it is not what we are becoming aware of today.
Type 1 diabetes is an auto-immune disease, which means that it is caused by the immune system attacking parts of the body, in this case, the islet cells on the pancreas. These cells produce insulin, which is a hormone that the body uses to convert sugar into energy, more or less. So basically, I don’t have those cells anymore, so my pancreas doesn’t produce insulin. That means that when I eat sugar, it can’t be used, and so it just stays in my blood. This causes all sorts of bad things, stemming from the fact that the sugar molecules are large, and cause damage to the blood vessels. More or less and other things, once again. (I’m dumbing all of this down a little.)
In order to not die, I have to take insulin. There are 2 ways to do this, usually. You can either inject yourself, using needles and syringes and all that good stuff, or use an insulin pump, which is what I do.
Modern insulin therapy theory involves 2 types of insulin usage, basal and bolus. Basically as you go throughout the day your liver is creating little bits of sugar. This happens whether you eat or not. Basal insulin compensates for that sugar. If you are using shots you will take 1 shot a day of a basal type insulin, such as Lantus. This will last 24 hours and counteract that sugar that the body creates. If you have a pump, the pump will drip a little bit of insulin into your body constantly, throughout the day, matching more closely what the body does normally. In this case a different type of insulin is used: Novolog or Humalog.
I use Novolog, a fast acting insulin, also used for the bolus insulin requirements. This handles my basal sugars, as well as my bolus. So what is a bolus, you ask? Well whenever you eat, your body breaks down all of those carbohydrates in your food into glucose, and does it very quickly. To counteract THAT sugar, you take a fast acting insulin right before or after you eat, dosed according to how much you ate. I press some buttons on my pump to make that happen, but it is basically the same idea if you are taking shots. You just inject yourself with the appropriate number of units.
In order to make sure that I am taking the correct amount of insulin, I also have to constantly monitor my blood sugar. Bolus amounts get changed based on whether I am above or below normal at any given time. I have 2 ways to monitor. One is the blood test strips that you’ve surely seen a commercial for. I prick my hand, draw some blood out, put it on the strip, and 5 seconds later I know what my blood sugar is. The other way is a little machine that I wear on my stomach. It goes inside of me, and is constantly measuring my sugar level. It takes these readings and displays them on my pump.
So, what is this “pump” that I keep mentioning? Well instead of giving myself shots, I have a machine that I wear all the time. You’ve probably seen it in my pocket. It holds about 3 days worth of insulin, and is connected via tube to a catheter that is inserted into my belly fat. It handles all of my insulin delivery needs, and gets me away from constant shots. The only thing I have to do is replace the catheter every 3 days.
By using this combination of basal and bolus insulin, along with the pump and sensor, I am able to keep my sugar levels reasonably close to that of a normal person. But the pancreas is perfect, and I am not. I’m never sure how much food I’ve eaten, and the blood testing solutions have around a 15% margin of error. So I can end up with high blood sugar or low blood sugar. And I do, pretty much constantly.
High blood sugar is what causes all of the side effects associated with diabetes. The long term damage occurs because of having chronic high blood sugar. But it also causes short term problems as well. Headaches, dizziness, and nausea are the most common side effects that I feel. Long term it can cause me to go blind, lose limbs, or have heart failure.
Low blood sugar is what causes the bad short term side effects. If I accidentally take too much insulin, I can go low. When this happens I get shaky, confused, dizzy, and all around “out of it". It’s really unpleasant, but happens quite often. It is relatively easy to fix, though. I just have to eat some sugar, which is why I always have candy with me.
So I think that is about it. I hope that you are all a little more aware about something that I deal with everyday, and that millions of others deal with also. It isn’t so bad, but we do like hugs.